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Pharmaceutical Statistics Using SAS: A Practical
Guide
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Edited by
Alex Dmitrienko
Principal Research Scientist
Eli Lilly and Company
Christy Chuang-Stein
Executive Director
Pfizer
Ralph D'Agostino
Professor of Mathematics/Statistics and Public Health
Boston University
Copyright © 2007 SAS Institute Inc.
Used with permission.
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The book consists of 14 chapters motivated
by data analysis problems arising at various stages of drug development:
- drug discovery experiments to identify promising chemical compounds,
- animal studies to assess the toxicological profile of these
compounds,
- clinical pharmacology studies to examine the properties of new
drugs in healthy human subjects,
- Phase II and Phase III clinical trials to establish therapeutic
benefits of experimental drugs.
The book offers a broad coverage of biostatistical methodology
used in drug development and practical problems facing today's
drug developers. It provides tutorial material and SAS examples
to help readers new to a certain area of drug development quickly
understand and learn popular data analysis methods and apply them
to real-life problems. It introduces a wide range of data analysis
problems encountered in drug development and illustrates them
using a large number of case studies from actual pre-clinical
experiments and clinical studies, and provides SAS code for solving
the problems. The book also features a discussion of methodological
issues, practical advice from subject matter experts and review
of relevant regulatory guidelines.
Most chapters are self-contained and include a fair amount of
high-level introductory material to make them accessible to a
broad audience of pharmaceutical scientists. It will also serve
as a useful reference for regulatory scientists as well as academic
researchers and graduate students.
Chapter 1. Statistics in Drug Development
Christy Chuang-Stein, Ralph D'Agostino
Chapter 2. Modern Classification Methods
for Drug Discovery
Kjell Johnson, William Rayens
Chapter 3. Model Building Techniques in Drug
Discovery
Kimberly Crimin, Thomas Vidmar
Chapter 4. Statistical Considerations in
Analytical Method Validation
Bruno Boulanger, Viswanath Devanaryan, Walthere Dewe, Wendell
Smith
Chapter 5. Some Statistical Considerations
in Nonclinical Safety Assessment
Wherly Hoffman, Cindy Lee, Alan Chiang, Kevin Guo, Daniel Ness
Chapter 6. Nonparametric Methods in Pharmaceutical
Statistics
Paul Juneau
Chapter 7. Optimal Design of Experiments
in Pharmaceutical Applications
Valerii Fedorov, Robert Gagnon, Sergei Leonov, Yuehui Wu
Chapter 8. Analysis of Human Pharmacokinetic
Data
Scott Patterson, Brian Smith
Chapter 9. Allocation in Randomized Clinical
Trials
Olga Kuznetsova, Anastasia Ivanova
Chapter 10. Sample-Size Analysis for Traditional
Hypothesis Testing: Concepts and Issues
Ralph O'Brien, John Castelloe
Chapter 11. Design and Analysis of Dose-Ranging
Clinical Studies
Alex Dmitrienko, Kathleen Fritsch, Jason Hsu, Stephen Ruberg
Chapter 12. Analysis of Incomplete Data
Geert Molenberghs, Caroline Beunckens, Herbert Thijs, Ivy Jansen,
Geert Verbeke, Michael Kenward, Kristel Van Steen
Chapter 13. Reliability and Validity: Assessing
the Psychometric Properties of Rating Scales
Douglas Faries, Ilker Yalcin
Chapter 14. Decision Analysis in Drug Development
Carl-Fredrik Burman, Andy Grieve, Stephen Senn
Raymond J. Carroll, Distinguished Professor
of Statistics, Nutrition and Toxicology, Texas A&M University
This book is an ideal overview of some of
the many important issues arising in the pharmaceutical industry,
and can be read as such. Students anticipating a career in pharmaceutical
statistics will benefit particularly: these are topics that form
the backbone of statistics in the industry but that are not generally
taught as part of an M.S. or Ph.D. program. Implementation using
SAS is admirably detailed, but even non-users of SAS will find
the book useful.
Steve Snappinm, Executive Director, Clinical
Development Biostatistics, Amgen, Inc.
The book should be a very useful guide for
practicing statisticians. What impressed me most was its breadth;
it covers all stages of drug development, from preclinical testing
to early clinical studies and late-stage clinical studies. The
editors have pulled together an excellent set of authors, including
experts from the pharmaceutical industry and prominent academics.
Peter H. Westfall, Professor of Statistics,
Texas Tech University
Pharmaceutical Statistics Using SAS
contains applications of cutting-edge statistical techniques using
cutting-edge software tools provided by SAS. The theory is presented
in down-to-earth ways, with copious examples, for simple understanding.
For Pharmaceutical statisticians, connections with appropriate
guidance documents are made; the connections between the document
and the data analysis techniques make "standard practice" easy
to implement. In addition, the included references make it easy
to find these guidance documents that are often obscure.
Specialized procedures, such as easy calculation of the power
of nonparametric and survival analysis tests, are made transparent,
and this should be a delight to the statistician working in the
pharmaceutical industry, who typically spends long hours on such
calculations. However, non-pharmaceutical statisticians and scientists
will also appreciate the treatment of problems that are more generally
common, such as how to handle dropouts and missing values, assessing
reliability and validity of psychometric scales, and decision
theory in experimental design. I heartily recommend this book
to all.
Frank Shen, Executive Director, Global Biometric
Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
The book is well written by people well-known
in the pharmaceutical industry. The selected topics are comprehensive
and relevant. Explanations of the statistical theory are concise
and the solutions are up-to-date. It would be particularly useful
for isolated statisticians who work for companies without senior
colleagues.
Byron Jones, Senior Director, Pfizer Global
Research and Development
This book covers an impressive range of topics
in clinical and non-clinical statistics. Adding the fact that
all the datasets and SAS code discussed in the book are available
on the SAS website, this book will be a very useful resource for
statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry.
José Pinheiro, Director of Biostatistics,
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
The first thing that catches one attention
about this very interesting book is its breadth of coverage of
statistical methods applied to pharmaceutical drug development.
Starting with drug discovery, moving through pre-clinical and
non-clinical applications, and concluding with many relevant topics
in clinical development, the book provides a comprehensive reference
to practitioners involved in, or just interested to learn about,
any stage of drug development. There is a good balance between
well-established and novel material, making the book attractive
to both newcomers to the field and experienced pharmaceutical
statisticians. The inclusion of examples from real studies, with
SAS code implementing the corresponding methods, in every chapter
but the introduction, is particularly useful to those interested
in applying the methods in practice, and who certainly will be
the majority of the readers. Overall, an excellent addition to
the SAS Press collection.
Barry R. Davis, Professor of Biomathematics,
University of Texas
This is a very well-written state of the
art book that covers a wide range of statistical issues through
all phases of drug development. It represents a well-organized
and thorough exploration of many of important aspects of statistics
as used in the pharmaceutical industry. The book is packed with
useful examples and worked exercises using SAS. The underlying
statistical methodology that justifies the methods used is clearly
presented.
The authors are clearly experts and have done an excellent job
of linking the various statistical applications to research problems
in the pharmaceutical industry. Many areas are covered including
model building, nonparametric methods, pharmacokinetic analysis,
sample size estimation, dose-ranging studies, and decision analysis.
This book should serve as an excellent resource for statisticians
and scientists engaged in pharmaceutical research or anyone who
wishes to learn about the role of the statistician in the pharmaceutical
industry.
Other books by the authors
Analysis
of Clinical Trials Using SAS: A Practical Guide. Alex Dmitrienko,
Geert Molenberghs, Christy Chuang-Stein, Walt Offen [SAS Press,
2005]
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